ROMAN JOVIAN AD 363-364 AE3 Nummus / LAUREL WREATH Bronze NGC (124)

ROMAN EMPIRE

CERTIFIED BY NGC

Obverse:  Diademed, draped and
cuirassed bust right.

Reverse:  Wreath with VOT/ V / MVLT / X

Jovian (Latin: Flavius Iovianus Augustus;
331 - 17 February 364) was Roman Emperor from 363 to 364. Upon the death of
emperor Julian the Apostate during his campaign against the Sassanid Empire,
Jovian was hastily declared emperor by his soldiers. He sought peace with the
Persians on humiliating terms and reestablished Christianity as the state
church. His reign lasted only eight months.

Jovian was born at Singidunum (today
Belgrade in Serbia) in 331 AD, the son of Varronianus, the commander of
Constantius II's imperial bodyguards (comes domesticorum). He also joined the
guards and by 363 had risen to the same command that his father had once held.
In this capacity, Jovian accompanied the Roman Emperor Julian on the
Mesopotamian campaign of the same year against Shapur II, the Sassanid king.
After the Battle of Samarra, a small but decisive engagement, the Roman army was
forced to retreat from the numerically superior Persian force. Julian, mortally
wounded during the retreat, died on 26 June 363. The next day, after the aged
Saturninius Secundus Salutius, praetorian prefect of the Orient, had declined
the purple, the choice of the army fell upon Jovian. His election caused
considerable surprise: Ammianus Marcellinus suggests that he was wrongly
identified with another Jovianus, chief notary (primicerius notariorum), whose
name also had been put forward, or that during the acclamations the soldiers
mistook the name Jovianus for Julianus, and imagined that the latter had
recovered from his illness.Jovian continued the retreat begun by Julian. Though
harassed by the Persians, the army succeeded in reaching the banks of the
Tigris. There, deep inside Sassanid territory, he was forced to sue for a peace
treaty on humiliating terms. In exchange for his safety, he agreed to withdraw
from the five Roman provinces east of the Tigris conquered by Galerius in 298,
that Diocletian had annexed, and to allow the Persians to occupy the fortresses
of Nisibis, Castra Maurorum and Singara. The Romans also surrendered their
interests in the Kingdom of Armenia to the Persians. The Christian king of
Armenia, Arsaces II (Arshak II), was to stay neutral in future conflicts between
the two empires and was forced to cede part of his kingdom to Shapur. The treaty
was widely seen as a disgrace and Jovian rapidly lost popularity.[citation
needed]



After arriving at Antioch, Jovian decided to rush to Constantinople to
consolidate his political position there. While en route, he was found dead in
bed in his tent at Dadastana, halfway between Ancyra and Nicaea. His death has
been attributed to either a surfeit of mushrooms or the poisonous carbon
monoxide fumes of a charcoal warming fire.



Jovian was buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.

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