Roman Constantine II AD 337-340 AE3 BI Nummus / Camp gate NGC (078)

Obverse: Constantine II bust, radiate,
draped and cuirassed left

Reverse: Camp gate with two turrets, no door
and star above. 

A military camp or bivouac is a
semi-permanent facility for the lodging of an army. Camps are erected when a
military force travels away from a major installation or fort during training or
operations, and often have the form of large campsites. In the Roman era the
military camp had highly stylized parameters and served an entire legion.
Archaeological investigations have revealed many details of these Roman camps at
sites such as Vindolanda (England) and Raedykes (Scotland).

Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in
English as Constantine II, (316-340) was Roman Emperor from 337 Campidoglio,
Roma - Costantino II cesare dettaglio.jpgto 340. The eldest son of Constantine
the Great and Fausta , he was born at Arles , and was raised as a Christian.



On March 1 , 317, Constantine was made Caesar , and at the age of seven in 323,
took part in his father's campaign against the Sarmatians . At the age of ten he
became commander of Gaul, after the death of his half-brother Crispus . An
inscription dating to 330 records the title of Alamannicus, so it is probable
that his generals won a victory over the Alamanni . His military career
continued when Constantine I elected his son field commander during the 332
campaign against the Goths .



Following the death of his father in 337, Constantine II became emperor jointly
with his brothers Constantius II and Constans . After the division of the
empire, made by the three brothers in September of the same year in Pannonia, he
ruled over Gaul, Britannia and Hispania .



He was involved in the struggle between the different Christian streams. The
Western portion of the empire leaned towards Catholicism and against Arianism ,
and Constantine freed Athanasius and allowed him to return to Alexandria . This
action also put some burden on Constantius II, who was a supporter of Arianism.



At first, he was the guardian of his younger brother Constans, whose portion was
Italia , Africa and Illyricum . As Constans came of age, Constantine would not
relinquish the guardianship and in 340 he marched against Constans in Italy, but
was defeated at Aquileia and he was killed in an ambush in Cervignano del Friuli
. Constans came to control his deceased brother's realm.

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